By Elisa Miller, Assistant Editor

Cleaning and disinfecting are key in controlling healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, traditional methods like detergents and disinfectants may be introducing additional danger, as their chemicals can be toxic to humans or cause allergies. 

Researchers who studied the efficacy of various cleaning methods in hospitals suggest a different type of environmental cleaning: steam technology. Because it lacks chemicals, steam is not toxic to humans or the environment. It reduces water usage and is operationally and cost efficient. Steam is also versatile, as it can clean hard surfaces and textiles in both routine and outbreak situations.  

Health and Safety Benefits 

Studies comparing cleaning methods in intensive care units show that steam is just as effective at eliminating multi-drug resistant (MDR) microorganisms as chemical disinfectants. It penetrates surfaces without any damage and can reach inaccessible surfaces that conventional methods cannot. One study found that a steam vapor system reduced bacteria levels by 90 percent and reduced pathogen levels on most surfaces to below the detection limit. They believed that steam may also decrease the risk of cross-contamination.  

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The steam disinfection method uses tap water, meaning it does not contain any corrosive or hazardous materials. It can be used in areas where patients are present, whereas other cleaning substances require ventilation before patients can enter. It is odorless and eliminates the need for chemicals, creating the most comfortable and safe experience for patients, visitors, and staff.  

While there has been some concern for staff inhaling the vapor, studies have not found that steam methods create breathing problems. Similarly, steam was safe for most surfaces. Researchers warn that it should be used with caution on electrical devices. 

Save Time, Money and the Environment 

Steam is extremely cost effective. One study found that it is between 76 and 91 percent cheaper than hypochlorite. Another found that one hospital’s budget decreased by over two thirds after switching to steam technology. While more expensive upfront, steam technology has a longer lifespan and requires less supplies. Rather than continuously purchasing disinfectants and detergents, steam only needs an energy source and a water supply.  

This also means steam creates significantly less waste, a benefit to budgets and the environment. Most notably, steam reduces water usage by 90 percent. In addition to its lack of chemicals, steam is one of the most eco-friendly cleaning options for healthcare facilities.  

Steam is not just highly effective; it’s efficient. A 2019 study comparing steam technology and the two-step disinfection process found that the cleaning time for one bed was 10 minutes, compared to 20 minutes with chemical-based cleaners. Another study confirmed that cleaning time was reduced in patient rooms with steam cleaners. The same researchers found that cleaning hours for staff remained the same, but more rooms were cleaned, including ones that had not previously been included in the operation’s rotation.  

Introducing steam cleaners to an operation may not occur overnight. It requires extensive training and adjustments to schedules, purchasing habits, and workload. But the benefits may be worthwhile in the long run for many facilities.  

Elisa Miller is an assistant editor for CleanLink.com, Contracting Profits, Facility Cleaning Decisions, and Sanitary Maintenance.